The Service Encounter Diaries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

The Service Encounter Diaries - Essay Example 7. In order to improve on the restaurant, the manager absolutely must ensure that his/her first impressions team is up to the task of being friendly, cordial, and engaging with clients. Without this, the restaurant is not able to stand out; regardless of how low priced or tasty the food might be. 2: I had performed some online review in order to find the best mobile phone repair service that I could in the local area. After reading several online reviews, I came to have a high expectation of service as most of the customers of the store had written glowing reviews. 3: Upon entering the establishment, I was immediately greeted and asked if I could be helped. What was most interesting to me was that I was not just passed off to someone else once I explained my problem; instead, the person who greeted me was actually one of the repairmen himself and was able to take a look at my phone and quickly give me a cost and time estimate for how long the repairs would be. 4. I was pleasantly surprised by this level of service and decided I would have my phone repaired at this establishment; instead of wasting any more time looking for a lower price elsewhere. As a direct result of the first impression that I had and the level of knowledge that was exhibited to me, my decision to do business with the firm in question was solidified. 7. Although the service was exceptional, the only thing that I might recommend to change was the overall level of technical terms that the service professionals and repair staff would frequently use. Many customers might not understand these terms; as such, toning them down and putting things in more simple terms could definitely help. 3: On entering the store, I did not see any employees; other than the ones that were working the cash registers. This was odd to me as generally an H&M

Black Death Essay Example for Free

Black Death Essay Around 1330, a horrible plague was reported to break out in China. Trade between Asia and Europe currently was frequent, and in 1347 rat-infested ships from China arrived in Sicily, bringing the disease with them. Since Italy was the center of European commerce, business, and politics, this provided the perfect opportunity for the disease to spread. To the Europeans, it seemed to come out of nowhere and kill everyone in its path. The bubonic plague, as it is called today, continued at 10-year intervals throughout the Middle Ages. It spread rapidly for a variety of reasons. Poor living conditions were probably the number one factor in the passing of this disease. People believed that washing themselves would open their pores and let the disease in, so bathing was rare. This of course, as we know today, only excelled the spread of the bubonic plague. The bubonic plague had extreme effects on the demographics of Europe. The worst epidemic claimed the lives of nearly 25 million people, all in under five years. It took at least two centuries for Western Europe to regain its population. Urban populations recovered quickly, in some cases within a couple years, through immigration from the countryside because of increased opportunities in the cities. Rural population recovered itself slowly, because peasants left their farms for the cities. This time period in which the plague spread and killed so many people was known as the Black Death. The Black Death had major effects on Europe. Wars stopped and trade slowed considerably. People were forbidden to gather in groups and religious services were suspended. Homes of infected people were sealed off to protect others from the plague. Businesses shut down their doors, having a huge impact of the economic aspects of Europe. Many people fled to the country to get away from where they thought was the hot spot for the plague. The bubonic plague changed the political, social, economical, and religious aspects of Europe forever and had an affect on the way things are today. There were many consequences to the increases and declines of population and European society. People fled to the city because everyone around them way dying. So many died, in fact, that it had major effects on the population in Europe, which, in turn had effects on many aspects of society. Farmers who had provided food for people were fleeing and food was scarce. Government, trade, and commerce virtually came to a halt. No aspect of European society was not affected by the coming of the plague and by its duration. The demography of Europe in the late middle ages can be easily related to overpopulation in the modern world. Poor living conditions due to overcrowding led to the rapid spread of the bubonic plague. If a plague was ever to break out in such places like China, Africa, or any other 3rd world country, it would be devastating. In Africa there is a major epidemic or the Ebola virus. It is still running ramped throughout the country, and it is not treatable by antibiotics. Poor living conditions contribute to the deadly position of this virus, and science has no known cure. If it was to ever spread to America the impact would be great and might be similar to the consequences of the bubonic plague in the middle ages. Overpopulation and overcrowding lead to poor living conditions which then lead to the rapid spread of any disease that may happen to come.

Literary elements used by poe :: essays research papers

Literary Elements in Poe’s Writing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the writings of great authors it is easy to pick out the literary elements used by them. Edgar Allan Poe is one of these authors. He makes use of the same literary elements in many of his stories. Three of the most used literary elements are irony, antagonists and foreshadowing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Irony is used very often by Poe. Irony is when something occurs that is the exact opposite of how it should be or seem. Irony varies in that it may be displayed through someone’s actions or an ironic happening. An example of irony in someone’s action are in the Cask of Amontillado is when Montressor repeatedly seems concerned for Fortunato’s health, even though his real intentions are to kill him. It also may be considered ironic that Poe named the enemy of Monstressor, Fortunato. Being that Fortunato means fortunate or lucky in Italian, it is ironic that he is very unlucky in that he his buried alive in a wall.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Antagonist is also a literary element used by Poe is this story. We see how Forunato so ignorantly and thoughtlessly antagonized the questionably insane Montressor. The consequence for this antagonist was death by dehydration and starvation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the most common literary elements used by Poe throughout many of his works is foreshadowing. Poe loved foreshadowing what is to come as much as he can. We see him often use little things to foreshadow. Such as, the infamous raven, or the dichromatic beating of the heart within a dead man buried in the floor. In the Cask of Amontillado, we see foreshadowing in the speech of Monstressor and Fortunato. When Fortunato states, â€Å"I shall not die of a mere cough†, Monstressor enthusiastically agrees with him.

Case Study: of Nike Company Ltd: Question 1

Question 1 a) In the late 1990s Nike found itself in a serious situation with its manufacturing approach in Asia. -Select and apply one of Porter’s models of strategy to explain why Nike were manufacturing in Asia? Michael Porter, leading author on company strategy and competitive advantage, has developed several generic strategies which, according to Porter, are the driving force behind any given company’s success. These strategies comprise of Cost Leadership, Differentiation and Focus. It is Porter’s view that any company that positions itself in at least one of these categories or striving to achieve one of these strategies should be able to attain and maintain competitive advantage, ceteris paribus. Nike Inc. has enjoyed a great deal of success in the Global Sports and Clothing Industry. One may even go as far to say it is the â€Å"cream of the crop† or â€Å"a cut above the rest†. One may also wonder if any of Porter’s strategies can be applied to explain or justify Nike’s competitive advantage. The Strategy of Cost Leadership is most applicable to Nike. It is also safe to say that this strategy was the deciding factor behind its’ manufacturing operations in Asia. Nike has no factories. It does not tie up cash in buildings and machinery. The evolving design and style of its products does not warrant this type of investment. Instead, it outsources labour. Nike has manufactured wherever it can produce high quality products at the lowest possible price. This makes a very lean organization and paves the way for the achievement of ultimate cost effectiveness. If prices rise, and products can be made elsewhere at a cheaper rate, to the same or better specification, Nike will move production. Porter’s cost leadership strategy concentrates on aiming to become the lowest cost producer in the industry through economies of scale. The cost leader aims to drive costs down while it targets a broad market, so sufficient sales can cover costs. Figure 1. is a representation of Porter’s matrix which has been applied to the Nike Inc. By manufacturing in Asia, Nike was able to capitalize, not only on the availability of cheap labor, but also the availability of a wide range of materials required for production. The abundance of raw materials would mean large quantities of high quality purchased at wholesale prices. This enabled Nike to have tremendous purchasing power in Asia due to the high value of the US dollar. Nike also benefited from the relatively low tariffs associated with leather olded footwear. Nike would have never enjoyed these luxuries if its manufacturing was conducted in its homeland Another factor to consider is the size of the labor force. Nike, through contracts, indirectly employed thousands around the world. This would ultimately result in the manufacturing of massive quantities in quick time. The higher the product turnover, the higher the returns. All these ingredients are paramount and will inevitably yield a cost leader, a. k. a. , Nike Inc.

Book fair Essay

A book fair is a fair for selling and displaying books on various subjects. A book fair is usually arranged on the important days of a year. As 21st February is our Mother Language Day, the book fair named â€Å"Ekushey Boi Mela† is held in Bangla Academy on February is the most important and popular book fair of our country. The book fair of 21st February takes place in Bangla Academy under open sky. There are many stalls and pavilions in the fair of different publishers. In  a book fair huge numbers of books are found. Almost all the writers of our country wait for this fair to release their books. Thousands of books release in this book fair of 21st February and millions of books get published. Many new writers write books and publish them in this fair. Thousand of book lovers come to visit the fair and buy books. The security of the fair is always very tight for the safety of the visitor including close circuit cameras and many police officers. People stand in long lines to enter  the fair. All sorts of books such as books on literature, fictions, novels, dramas, science, medicine, religion, philosophy and so on are brought for display and sell in the fair. Besides bookstalls there are a number of canteens found in the book fair. There are also arrangements for songs and dance to entertain the visitors of the fair. Writers, poets and publishers visit the fair regularly. They speak with the visitors, listen to the problems they are having in the fair and sign  books for them. Book is the source of knowledge. A book fair is a place where we can get thousand of types of books. There are a few problems in a book fair like too much dust, pollution, lack of rules and regulations and sometimes some unpleasant incidents take for the evil motive of the miscreants. So, the complete interest for the fair is often marred. Despite these little untoward events a book fair is really important for the enlightened section of people.

Lab Report on Psychology

Lab Report on Psychology Lab Report on Death Thought Accessibility Hypothesis: Abstract Terror management theory has been on research more than a decade to this far. Behind this research is proof on the position that this theory affirms human motivation. It is a theory that has unfolded the true existence and position where mortality actually holds in the society. The explanations and revelations it has given in regard to the impacts on possible death with regard to behavior and emotions. A revealing research, it has shows that two culturally given psychological attributes are basically in part to reward off death of personalized death. This involves self gratification individually enhanced and culturally world wide acceptance. Case studies have been conducted to try and explain if indeed there is any correlation between people and the environment. In the quest to find answers to this relationship an elaborate study has been conducted to find the implication on the hypothesized relationship. Introduction This report is intended to show an empirical of a lap test on specific individuals to show the authenticity of terror management. The design was clear to the aim as volunteered individuals in the lap were given questionnaires in which they were required to fill under specific but different factors and later the results were compared. In response to the outcomes of the lap reactions, the observations that ware made were of distinct is results but few were much varied. This was in effect of the fact that the information this sample of individuals had before the actual interview. This empirical study is a pairing of a basic instinct for self-preservation that means that final â€Å"mortality is a creation of the able terror and curiosity that is capable of continuity, target intended behavior involvement, and that is if all were impossible,† (Ajzen, 1980, p. 253). This means that to function efficiently, surrounded with thoughts and any concern about death. Following, this people developed setbacks in trying to reduce the human death fear. So in that regard, for this case of interview to hold some people had to receive information perceived to threaten their future life. Definitely the results of these individuals are so biased to be relied on. For that matter therefore this lap report is the effects of peak oil as a cultural threat. Oil is a natural empowerment that is mined from the earth crust by help of sophisticated and modern tools aided by technology and this economical practice is fully expressed in most countries in the Middle East as major oil marketers and producers. The trend is different as revealing in recent past research, exploration on the oil reserves reveals that the quantity levels of oil barrels now available for extraction is on the downward trend in their natural deposits. This decrease is a threatening rate, as oil is k nown be the black gold. This is because all over the world oil is the major source of energy in industries, domestic use and every day productions. Because of research most energy experts and scientists have tried to work out for possible substitutes of energy for oil; their research has not sufficiently bored fruits. This is because oil is still the main supply of energy. Developments in the energy sector has shown and given the possibility to analyze the future developments of economies. This in turn affects human beings and there way of life. This lap test has revealed that the peak oil exploitation has to this far been reached. This is a cause to people’s curiosity. This influences people’s decisions (Anderson, 1965, p. 44–56.). Objectives of this study This lap test empirical study was intended to answer the following questions- Accordingly as a result of the maintained human mental capability as they evolved, human beings have not only had a motivation indicative to self-preservation but also there seem to be ability. So the question: what is it?  Secondly, TMT in this case pointing to it, what if any two psychological avenues that are in function and can mitigate the fear of individual mortality? Thirdly, what is cultural world perception? And lastly, are there major hypotheses with regard to â€Å"TMT and do they have any prediction,† (Arndt at el., 2001, p. 253–277)? Methodology This lap test procedure was mainly quantitative and for the reason of precision the lab test was conducted on volunteered individuals. Participants: The composition of these individuals was 30 men and 30 women to suppress any unforeseeable complaint. All these participants were psychology students in the university. Within the lab, the volunteers were given wit questionnaires to fill under different prevailing factors on the ground and thereafter the reactions compared. According to the lab results, there was esteemed variations on the participant’s outcomes which arise because of information that the participants were told before the interview (Adams, 1997, p. 1177–1196) Materials and procedure: Participating individuals were allowed to take part in a program of personality of traits and social human psychology at personalized level. They were instructed to fill the provided questionnaire. They were packed in completion. The rate of filling them was not fact of consideration but individuals were to complete them after critically studying them and making sure all information regarding it is requirement was dispensed. As a result the socio economic and demographic sheet lap test sheet, participating individuals were allowed to complete a short questionnaire on. Following a brief social demographic sheet, participants completed a shortened new scale of the Neuroticism liker scale on self-preservation that influences decisions on mortality creation. Also individual participants were allowed complete a new version on social issues of survey and which then acted on possible and random division into four conditions with respect to three open-ended discussio n questions aimed at making salient specific thoughts. These questions have been used in previous studies. Apparatus: Since the sample size is more than 30 of all the participating individuals in the lab test, we employed z-score test statistic. To analyze the results we employed SPSS software; a statistical analyzing package. To interpret the results we employed the use of pie charts and graphs (Adams, 1997, p. 1177–1196). Terror management Terror management theory is a theory that highlights the human as an advanced animal that is aware of his existence with the help of instincts and has anticipations about the foreseeable future. The theory has further recognized human beings as the tools and there awareness of inevitable death and the potential inducement of pain. Having the realization that death is mandatory, individual human beings are faced with the fear of vulnerability until the time of death and awareness of their mortality. Despite all the fear that faces human beings, research findings show that all animals share a common origin that is life, and there is a driving force for each species of living organisms to continue In explanation of terror management, it is essential to consider the origin of all living organism, and it is said that they all evolved by undergoing a series of transformations. According toTMT, the psychological system does give the buffers of thoughts of the human death; instilling â€Å" fear factor in individuals to constantly remember the death cause and death in human beings and how it could increase their main reliance based on the system of psychology,† (Ben-Ari, 1999, p. 35–45). The simple explanation is that if human and their environment in their commitment acts as a curiosity death buffer, the expectation of one would be that exposing persons to a mortality salience induction would increase their feelings of relationship commitment. In examining this hypothesis, participants completed a neuroticism scale. In view of evolution, both animals and human beings share a common origin, but the only difference between the two is that human beings underwent more stages of development than the rest. Hence, the stronger desire to live despite the calamities that threaten human life. Despite the advantage that human beings have over other animals that may include the intellectuals, they must still understand that they must die like other animals although they cannot estimate the time of death. It is human nature to respond negatively to mortality threatening situations (Arndt at el., 2001, p. 253–277). Ideally, humankind does not want to think about his mortality, and, therefore; he will be harsh when answering questions about his/her mortality. The peak oil is, therefore, a worldwide threat because it challenges the mortality of humankind by imposing the death in the short-run. Based on terror management system, individuals manage their own terror by living up to the standards of worldlier, and by having faith in worldlier itself. In a society, everyone has got varied beliefs and conceptions about the cultural worldlier so that the mortality of the individual is influenced by the attitude towards worldlier. Human kind regards their own worldviews as fragile social setup that keeps reminding them of their own mortality, and the fact that they are vulnerable. For safe existence, it is, therefore, necessary that the people closer to them constantly remind themselves of their worldlier. In addition, when people with identical worldviews stay together they will form a cultural worldvie w, and the factor reminding them of their mortality bring out the positivity and the desire to fight back together. In view, of the case where peak oil is a threat to the cultural worldview, the individuals in the society possessing identical worldviews will have the opportunity to solve the situation through the best means in order to ensure that the threat to their mortality is eliminated (Ben-Ari at el., 1999, p. 35–45). Results The hypothesis that clarifies the fact that psychological factors are responsible for buffering the way people think about death, and hence; weakening of this psychological factor will in people being vulnerable to think about death and feel their mortality being threatened. This reaction is evident from the lab results where the respondent’s cultural world is weakened by viewing of the video. Respondents receive similar response after reading of the material that is against the Canadian requirements. The respondents’ cultural world is weakened by exposure to these materials, and the death thought becomes closure to their minds. The mortality salient hypothesis requires that human beings observe two practices that help them in managing terror. These are to have faith in the cultural worldview and the significance standardization of the factors leading to worldview. The theory articulates that some factor that help in making people avoid the terror thought that may inclu de arousal, moods, and self-awareness should be upheld. The hypothesis explaining the terror and the death thought awareness may be used to illustrate contradicting situation involving theory justification where one theory justifies the actions of the other in avoidance of the death thought (Ben-Ari, 1999, p. 35–45). Based on the lab results, the respondents may be willing to commit murder in so that they avoid the death thought. While others will punish murders so that he/she can avoid the death thought, it should be realized that, in both cases, the individuals act that way because they perceive that their mortality is being threatened, and their cultural world’s remains are not compromised by the actions of the others thereby posing a death threat to them. The hypothesis of schimel to test the death thought the use materials that depicted hatred for the Canadians against the Canadian respondents illustrated analysis. The respondents were then interviewed separately and the outcomes compared. The results revealed that delayed respondents and controlled respondents almost marched in the number of times they pronounced the death threat words, but the group that pronounced the death word many times were the that was not allowed any delay time. The reason being that they felt their mortality being threatened and because of the terror they felt they wanted to react and keep their cultural worldview unchanged. The choice of the material on the web page to be shown to the Canadian respondents was a fair choice because, in order to get accurate results for the interview, the respondent had to be put in the real situation where there cultural worldview was being threatened (Adams, 1997, p. 1177–1196). Conclusions Different people have got different attitudes, which attributes, to behavior and sometimes, people with the same behavior joins together in a society. Being that the society comprises of people with identical sense of mortality, it follows that they share the same cultural worldviews. The peak oil is a threat to worldview because it threatens the mortality by posing uncertainty of the future and posing a difficulty in undertaking the normal day business. Based on the requirement of terror management system individuals must, therefore, â€Å"manage their own cultural worldview by living to the standards and having faith in the worldview itself,† (Arndt at el., 2001, p. 253–277). By viewing the message that reminds me of my own mortality, I will not accept the situation that death is looming and, therefore; I will get angry with the person responsible for showing me the message and with the message itself. Alternatively, because we all know that all animals must die I must then apply the teachings of death thought to have faith in my worldview and live according to the standards of my worldview. The fear caused by the realization of the fact that death is inevitable in the future, and vulnerability to live until that moment of death will result in the development of anger, and hatred (Adams, 1997, p. 1177–1196).

The Judicial Branch essays

The Judicial Branch essays The residents of United States are protected against racism due to the implementation of the Constitution. Today the US is a model of equal human rights in the world, but very few people realise that the Judicial Branch of the US has played a significant role to eliminate discrimination from the roots of the American society. The Case Study in Chapter 5 of Wasserman's "American Politics" discusses the influence of the Judicial Branch in American politics. In my paper I will; summarize the basic content of the passage, discuss how the Judicial Branch can effect national policy, thus effecting the future of the society and reveal why the Judicial Branch is the most trusted Branch of the government? Eventhough the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments were intended to thrust equality in the US, they failed to change public attitudes toward discrimination. In the case of Plessy vs Ferguson (1896), the Supreme Court established the "separate but equal" doctrine, thus legalizing segregation indirectly. The Court claimed that this doctrine is not a violation of the Constitution as long as equal facilities are provided for both the races. Tragically equality was not enforced but segregation became a common practice. Then in the late 1930s some important judicial decisions weakened this doctrine but it was finally reversed in 1954 by the case Brown vs Board of Education. The court ruled that separate is bound to be unequal, thus slowly segregation as eliminated in various aspects of the society. Also the other two branches of the government joined in to remove this evil from the society. Eventhough the Judicial Branch is called "the least dangerous branch of government" it has played an important role in influencing national policy. Inspite of all the limits set on the Judicial Branch, I consider it to be the most powerful Branch of the government. It is correct that ...

How to Tell Your Parents Youre Failing a College Class

How to Tell Your Parents You're Failing a College Class Although there are things you can do if youre failing a college class- or even if youve already failed it- breaking the news to your parents is an entirely different problem. Chances are, your parents are going to want to see your grades from time to time (translation: every semester), especially if theyre paying for your tuition. Consequently, bringing home a nice fat F probably wasnt on your list of things to do this semester. Given that no one is going to be happy about the situation, the best approach can be a basic one: Be honest, be positive, and be sincere. Tell Your Parents the Truth About Your Grades Be honest about the grade. What is it? A D? An F? Its better to only have this conversation once. Mom, Im going to be getting an F in Organic Chemistry is way better than Mom, I think Im not doing so well in Organic Chemistry followed a few minutes later by Well, Ive failed most of the exams followed by Yeah, Im pretty sure Im getting an F but Im not totally sure- yet. At this point in your life, you undoubtedly know that parents deal better with getting bad news that can improve later than getting kinda bad news that gets worse later. So just be honest about your grade. What is it? What part of the equation is your fault (not studying enough, spending too much time socializing, etc.)? Own up to the situation and the responsibility. Honesty may be a bit uncomfortable, but it is undoubtedly the best policy in situations like this. Tell Your Parents How You Plan to Move Forward Present the situation as real- but also as a growth and learning opportunity for you. Okay, so you failed a class. What did you learn? That you need to manage your time better? That you spent too much time just hanging out with people? That you need to take fewer units? That you need to be less involved with clubs? That you need to cut back on your work hours? Let your parents know what youre going to do differently next semester so that this wont happen again. (Because really, who wants to have this conversation again?!) Mom, I failed Organic Chemistry. Looking back, I think its because I didnt spend enough time in the lab/didnt balance my time well/was too distracted by all the fun things going on on campus, so next semester Im planning on joining a study group/using a better time management system/cutting down on my co-curricular involvement. Additionally, let your parents know what your options are in as positive a light as possible. They most likely will want to know, What does this mean? Are you on academic probation? Able to keep up with your other courses? Not able to stay in your major? Be prepared for how you can move forward. Let your parents know what your academic situation is. Talk to your adviser about what your options are. Mom, I failed Organic Chemistry, but I talked to my adviser since I knew I was struggling. Our plan is to have me try it one more time next semester  when its offered, but this time Ill join a study group and go to the tutoring center at least once a week. Be Sincere About Your Next Steps You may think youre a pretty good liar, but parents can smell dishonesty from a mile away. You know it, and they know. So be sincere about what youre saying to them. Did you just goof up and learn a lesson about how important it is to go to class? Then tell them that instead of trying to blame it on a bad professor or lab partner. Also, be sincere about where youre going from here. If you dont know, thats okay, too- as long as youre exploring your options. Conversely, be sincere when you listen to what they have to say. They arent likely to be happy about your failed class, but they probably have your best interest at heart.

Unmanned aerial vehicls Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Unmanned aerial vehicls - Essay Example The U.S. military has used UAVs for surveillance and for actual military operations. In 2009, a UAV-controlled missile was successful in neutralizing a Taliban leader. Future plans of the U.S. Air Force include using UAVs and robots in ground assaults or in beach assault situations. UAVs can also perform military tasks like acquiring targets and rescuing soldiers from dangerous situations. Other uses include collecting data from sensors for use in making digital maps, dropping supplies extremely dangerous territory, and assisting with cyberwarfare attacks. Military UAVs are also known as the ‘flying eye’ because they are designed as surveillance system equipped with sensors and computerized components. The flying eye is deployed in the air to conduct surveillance, take pictures and collect information valuable for military or civilian purposes. When the UAV is in the air, it is programmed to fly for a predetermined flight path until it reaches back to the ground or base. Popularity and applications of UAVs UAVs were first popular with the military because they offer greater flexibility and are more advantageous in dangerous environments than manned aircraft. When it comes to technology, UAVs are effective with the newest technology, such as sensors, microprocessors, and propulsion systems, which can endure and are more effective than human pilots. In the military perspective, UAVs have proved effective in military missions and have also been proven successful in dangerous and contaminated environments where it is very dangerous for human-driven aircraft. (Nonami et al. 2010, p. 3) Complicated UAVs designed for military use are expensive and difficult to operate in crowded places. Designers have devised inexpensive UAVs and make it smaller and easy to operate. Micro air vehicles were built lightweight, with a wingspan of just about 15 cm. and weights about half a kilogram. MAVs can perform military tasks what larger ones cannot do. They can fly to clo se terrain or at dense forest environment, and collect data without being detected. MAVs can also be used for atmospheric studies without influencing airflows. MAVs can also perform surveillance missions for the military as they are built like stealth aircraft. (Langelaan & Roy 2009, p. 1642) Japan has the largest number of registered UAVs, particularly unmanned helicopters used in agriculture. In 2002, it exceeded other countries, such as Australia, West Europe and USA, in the number UAVs registered for civil and military use. The low risk and greater success in missions are major motivators for the use of UAVs in military and civil operations. It has been predicted that in the U.S., market for UAV will reach $16 billion, next is Europe which is currently spending approximately $3 billion. In Europe, this has increased slowly. (Nonami et al. 2010, p. 4) UAV components and designs Major components of a UAV include a microcontroller system, a compass, GPS, servo-controlled mechanism, and cameras or sensors. These components vary per different manufacturing specifications. More sophisticated UAVs are created by different manufacturers depending on the purpose for which they are made. There are various AUV designs which are made relative to their purpose; manufacturers provide designs for military surveillance and operations, for civil use and for hobbyists. More designs have been introduced for civil and military purposes. The industry is even made more competitive and vibrant as smaller firms have

Nuclear Plant Safety Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nuclear Plant Safety - Research Paper Example There are different reasons for the use of nuclear power as energy sources but there are more reasons to stop their operation, if not, reduce their use. This paper will provide a background on the history of the use of nuclear power in the United States. Some incidents that display the disadvantages of nuclear power plants will also be presented. In the end, a conclusion will be provided. The History of Nuclear Power in the United States Oil, natural gas and coal were traditionally used as sources of electricity but the scarcity of these resources has led people to search for other sources. One of the main concerns of the government then was that these scarce resources have become expensive. Furthermore, the use of coal, fossil fuel and oil were reported to emit significant amounts of carbon dioxide, which is a substantial greenhouse gas. Nuclear power was primarily used for weapon production. The atomic bomb was the prime weapon, which makes use of nuclear power. The atomic bomb is integrated in a hydrogen bomb. The hydrogen bomb functions in three distinct stages: first, the atomic bomb explodes through a fission reaction; a second bomb, which is composed of lithium and deuterium undergoes a fusion reaction; then, a third explosion occurs when the uranium component undergoes a fission reaction (Caldicott, 2006). The first casualties of hydrogen bombs were the Japanese. In the Second World War, the United Stated deployed two atomic bombs – one in Hiroshima and the other in Nagasaki. The bombs were reported to have caused the death of more than 200,000 Japanese people (Caldicott, 2006). After the Second World War, other countries were able to produce nuclear bombs. In the end however, countries signed the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in the hope of disarming all nuclear weapons; whereas nations without nuclear weapons would not be able to develop such weapons (Caldicott, 2006). The treaty is an important agreement to hinder the detrimental and destructive effects of nuclear bombs. Due to the treaty, the use of nuclear power went into a limbo until it was used as a source of electricity. This energy source was believed to be cheaper than other sources such as coal and fossil fuel as it produces higher wattages of electricity. From then on, constructions of reactors continued until 1978. To this day, there are about 112 nuclear plants built within the United States (Greenwald, 1991). Some of these plants have already encountered certain malfunctions. Disadvantages of Nuclear Power Plants In March 28, 1979, the Three Mile Island (TMI) nuclear plant in Pennsylvania experienced a near meltdown. This was the worst nuclear accident experienced by the United States. â€Å"Scientists determined that a jammed valve had caused cooling water to drain from the reactor core† (Presutti, 2011). As a result, the fuel core became uncovered and then it overheated, causing a partial meltdown. About 120,000 people were evacuated. Fortu nately, only a small amount of radiation was able to escape from the facility. The Reactor that almost resulted to a meltdown was permanently shutdown though a part of TMI nuclear plant is still operating. This incident allowed for a more serious review of the nuclear policies in the United States and also halted the approval of establishments of more nuclear plants (Presutti, 2011). The TMI incident was attributed to lack of training of staff,

Leadership handbook scoring rubric Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership handbook scoring rubric - Term Paper Example The handbook is cohesive and has a consistent look and feel. Score: 2 Comments: the book is cohesive and consistent. The flow of information is consistent and the topics follow each other in a logical sequence Overall Presentation (visual elements, report format) The overall presentation of the handbook is not satisfactory and does not include visual elements or a report format. The handbook presentation is satisfactory for some of the sections but not for the entire handbook. The handbook provides an effective overall presentation with visual elements and all articles are in report format. Score: 1 Comments: most of the book is presented in a satisfactory way. There are however some cases in which some improvements such as in the table in page 14. Comprehensiveness The handbook does not provide comprehensive coverage of the selected leadership topics. The handbook provides some comprehensive coverage of the selected leadership topics but does not include major content areas critical for a new manager. The handbook provides a comprehensive coverage of the selected leadership topics and includes the major content areas critical for a new manager. Score: 2 Comments: the book chooses several topics and goes on to address them comprehensively. The book covers the major content areas that would be helpful to a new manager. ... Part B: Leading a Team Introduction From the various tasks that I have been engaged in, I have aimed to maintain a high level of integrity in my work, and remain accountable in the line duty. I have strived to ensure that the quality of my work is as expected. However, I have the self-awareness to recognize that I do have my strengths and weaknesses. The strengths that I possess enable me to be more efficient at my work while the weaknesses may sometimes hinder me from producing the best possible results in my work. Question 1: How the Team can Make Use of My Strengths A notable strength that has helped me achieve success in my work, which may enable me achieve the set objectives in the workplace is the ability to meet the set deadlines within the required amount of time. In meeting the deadlines I was still able to come up with work that was of high quality. This attribute can be used in the team to ensure that the members do not lag behind which would slow the entire team. The team can also make use of this strength to ensure that people do not do the work hurriedly without taking into consideration the quality of the work. Question 2: How to Improve on my Weaknesses One of the weaknesses that I have is that I lack the ability to contribute to a collaborative team environment. During the teamwork, I failed to effectively contribute to the team’s collaborative effort. In improving this weakness, I resolved to be more proactive in group activities as opposed to remaining passive, and only performing the duties that were assigned to me. This will help me develop the ability to be an effective team player. Question 3: How My Team Realized its Goals The team was able to achieve the purpose for its establishment. The team met its

The Marketing Concept Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Marketing Concept - Essay Example The paper tells that the Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM) has defined the concept of marketing in a different way. It suggests that marketing is a type of management process where the customer requirements are identified, anticipated and finally supplied in an efficient and profitable manner. Hence marketing can be considered to be consisting of a wide range of activities starting from market research to the development of a new product. Marketing is supposed to have evolved through five different phases over the past many years. They are the: a) era of trading, b) era of production, c) era of sales, d) era of the marketing department, and e) era of a marketing company. The marketing company era, which is the most recent and current phase of marketing evolved as a result of the realisation of the need of different business organisations to be focused on their customers to achieve their goals and objectives. Hence, in this modern era, customer is given the highest priority in an y of the marketing activities followed by the organisations. The concept related to marketing orientation is believed to have been developed at the Harvard University and in a few of the proactive and forward looking organisations during the period of the end of 1960s to the beginning of the 1970s. It has actually replaced the concept of sales orientation that was prevalent prior to this period. There is a substantial difference between the sales and market orientation. According to Lamb, Hair, and McDaniel these two types of orientations have been compared with each other based on five different characteristics. They are the focus of the organisations, the business activities followed by the firms, people to whom the products are being directed, primary goals of the firms, and various tools that are utilised to achieve those objectives and goals. Personnel of organisations that are sales oriented have their focus on selling the products to the customers that are already manufacture d by the firms. However, in recent times most of the organisations are observed to gain competitive advantage by focussing on the external market environment. Various organisations like Dell, Inc., Southwest Airlines, and the Royal Bank of Canada have succeeded in outperforming their competitors through the market orientation approach. A marketing oriented company can be considered as a business organisation which has its focus on the customers and their needs and wants. Companies try to identify various solutions to meet the satisfaction levels of the customers and in order to achieve this objective the organisations get involved in activities related to gaining an insight about the customers’ needs and wants through various means that includes both secondary and primary research. Most often people are found to misunderstand the concept of marketing and they associate it with advertising. However, marketing consists of various other aspects which the organisations need to be concerned with in order to have its sustainable growth and development in future. The thinking process of customers is volatile in nature and their needs and wants change in a short period of time. Hence organisations are required to be aware of those changing needs and wants of the customers and this fact makes marketing a useful concept for the companies.

Journal 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Journal 3 - Essay Example Instead of telling us what we needed in the bag, the teacher gave us suggestions about what we might need and invited us to come up with ideas for what we would like to pack. After we finished, we discussed why we chose the items we did. I selected this activity because it gives a good example of how my teacher performed more of a helper/ mentor role with us, rather than a strict lecturer role. Due to her encouraging way of doing the lesson , there were fewer arguments than there would have been if she had required all of the students to put a predetermined list of items into the suitcase. The teacher implemented Standard 1. Promoting Child Development and Learning. She also implemented Standard 5. Using Content Knowledge to Build Meaningful Curriculum. I learned that being a helper or a mentor to children can be a smoother and more effective way to assist in the learning process of children. If I were to do this activity with my children, I would discuss with them before we began about what they might place in their suitcases. I would still discuss why the children chose the items that they did at the end of the activity. That really promoted some deeper thinking from the students in my

Artical Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Artical Analysis - Assignment Example of financial statement, as well as changes that affects the financial statement and several other significant matters like uncertainties, estimates and management judgments. The PCAOB believes in the fact that communicating these matters with the investors will help in reducing the uncertainties and doubts, as the management of the company has more important information than any of the third party. The new audit report suggested by PCAOB maintained the authenticity of the old report by retaining its basic elements. However it focused on providing its users with much more information about the audit as well as the auditor. The PCAOB was confident that if the proposed changes are accepted by the organizations, then it will certainly increase the disclosure of the information of the auditor that would be beyond the traditional pass/fail auditing approach. It is presented in the article that if the proposed changes are accepted then they will certainly affect the responsibilities of the auditors, as well as the expectations of the clients, creditors and investors. I certainly agree with the opinion of the writer as the changes proposed by the PCAOB will make the report more relevant to the investor as they will have more significant information present in the report. The investors and other users of the financial report will not have to take the help of a third part to extract important information about the company, as the relevant information will already be mentioned by the company in the report. Another advantage of the amendments made in the traditional report is that it will present to the investor the value and strengths of the audit leading towards better public awareness. The article states that the changes will certainly help the organization to get close to their investors and other users of the financial statement, which I believe is true. This is because the major goal of the standards and the amendments proposed by PCAOB is to improve the existing

Journal 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Journal 3 - Essay Example Instead of telling us what we needed in the bag, the teacher gave us suggestions about what we might need and invited us to come up with ideas for what we would like to pack. After we finished, we discussed why we chose the items we did. I selected this activity because it gives a good example of how my teacher performed more of a helper/ mentor role with us, rather than a strict lecturer role. Due to her encouraging way of doing the lesson , there were fewer arguments than there would have been if she had required all of the students to put a predetermined list of items into the suitcase. The teacher implemented Standard 1. Promoting Child Development and Learning. She also implemented Standard 5. Using Content Knowledge to Build Meaningful Curriculum. I learned that being a helper or a mentor to children can be a smoother and more effective way to assist in the learning process of children. If I were to do this activity with my children, I would discuss with them before we began about what they might place in their suitcases. I would still discuss why the children chose the items that they did at the end of the activity. That really promoted some deeper thinking from the students in my

The Issues on Rising Gas Prices Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Issues on Rising Gas Prices - Research Paper Example As gas price increases continue to burden the people of the country, various groups and individuals have come up with their own analyses regarding its causes. The polarization of American society in terms of politics though has greatly tainted such analyses. Apparently, the purpose is to make the gas price increase issue another weapon for advancing political causes. The lack of in-depth analysis and the tendency to immediately react to the issue without taking the necessary research has led to a very superficial understanding of the origins of gas price increases. There is the belief that â€Å"the major causes of high gas prices include the increased demand for oil in places like China and India, high gasoline taxes, civil unrest in Venezuela, the war in the Middle East, political instability in Nigeria, and too few refineries in the US†. A quick glance at this list of supposed causes would lead one to believe that gas price increases are largely triggered by external condit ions. Dart also the points out that environmental regulations and opposition to oil exploration in certain parts of Alaska and the Gulf of Mexico are additional reasons why gas prices are increasing. Higher demand in the midst of low supply may indeed pull up the prices. It is also easy to recognize the fact that if Dart’s perspective of the major causes of gas price increase is to be believed, a host of other problems may also arise. It is clear that wrong analysis of problems can lead to wrong solutions, which may be more disastrous than the issue that these may be meant to resolve.

Major problems Facing Christianity Essay Example for Free

Major problems Facing Christianity Essay All world religions face unprecedented times in the 21st century. The challenges are diverse and do not have easy solutions. The modern world has seen an amalgamation of global value systems and a similar confluence of socio-political ideologies and philosophies because of advances in information technology and the increased mobility made possible by modern day technology. It is feasible to find a representative of all the world major religions in each country. This has meant that the observance of each religion is no longer a mystical matter left for the convents and monasteries, but has become one that can be easily and readily scrutinized and compared with alternatives which by the way do not have to be religious. In considering these challenges, those that affect Christianity can represent to a fair degree the struggles the others are facing and can provide a platform for the discussion of these forces. Christianity is by design an expansionist religion. Jesus sent out his disciples with the express command to evangelize all the nations. It is therefore the core duty of every Christian to spread the faith. Globalization is probably the most significant force affecting world religions, both serving and limiting the. Many technological changes took place in the closing half of the 20th century epitomized by the rise of the internet symbolizes the rise of the global village. Substantial changes include increasing ease of commercial travel by jets and high-speed trains, efficient telephone systems and powerful radio’s, the television set and a very efficient and diversified print and electronic media. The world has enjoyed many benefits because of these and indeed, even Christianity has had powerful tools to take its message across the world. Many a televangelist and bible teachers go on air in daily or weekly broadcasts, some with a global audience. Taped messages are downloadable from the internet as podcasts. Even if it is not possible to get the message in real time, it remains available for anyone to get it and watch or listen to it at their convenience. As commercial empires have grown into multinationals, so have efficient delivery networks, which now ensure the timely delivery of CD’s and DVD’s, magazines and newspapers to a global audience. However, these means for dissemination of information have not been available to just the Christian enterprise, they have also available to other establishments that have competing interests, usually commercial, and at times ideological that have employed them to good effect. A Christian watching television is not only watching popular televangelists preach the gospel, but at the comfortable press of a remote button, can watch virtually anything else. These options do not always complement the message heard but at times even go against the Christian value system. A Christian therefore is under immense pressure to conform to the prevailing worldview, as he does not live in a shielded Christian community, but rather in an information razzmatazz for which he has to sift through consistently, if he is to retain and spread the Christian message. As Smart (2000) puts it, â€Å"Even if each tradition stays true to its own message, it will have to operate in a context of this federal world civilization. † Secularization, which is a force to reckon with, has made it more difficult to proselytize. Faith is regarded as a personal issue and hence attempts to discuss faith in non-Christian settings with the hope of making disciples have become an uncomfortable, if not offensive undertaking. Decisions about what faith to ascribe to are made personally and increasingly, privately. After all, isn’t Christianity just one of the options? As Smart (2000) explains, â€Å"Making religion a private matter can also lead to a religion’s becoming just a minor element in a total fabric of living†. Smart (2000) adds, â€Å"Just as a person belongs to the golf club, so that person may join a church.† New age thinking has also made its blow on Christianity. Christianity claims exclusivity of access to salvation, and an exclusive personal God. One of the key new age values is tolerance to all religious beliefs and belief systems. Christianity therefore finds itself in a place where it must find a means of relating with the rest of the world religions, violating the fundamental belief in a single way to salvation. In addition, some of the practices of other religions meet the Christian threshold for classification as idolatry. This just serves to multiply the points of conflict. Further on, the modern world, especially those parts where democracy is dominant, acceptance in matters such as homosexuality is encouraged. This becomes a difficult undertaking for a traditional Christian, as it is excruciating for them to reconcile the practice of the Christian faith with homosexuality and therefore will demand a renouncement of the practice of homosexuality before Christian fellowship can commence. Another area of difficulty for the Christian faith has been the place of women in leadership. Feministic influence has pervaded traditional Christian leadership set up where formal overall leadership was the preserve of men. The Catholic Church still holds to this ideal, while the Anglican Communion has opened its priesthood in women. Protestant congregations and denominations seem to have much more flexibility in the matter, with a large number of women pastors and bishops, in some cases as the overall head of a denomination. Radicalization of faith has brought its share of problems to the world in general. Smart (2000) says, â€Å"Other sects are, in principle or in practice, at odds with society, and seek to change it radically, possibly by rebellion and upheaval. † Many people view Christianity as a western religion. Those who have any disagreements with the west therefore consider Christianity as a legitimate representative of the west. In countries where Christians are in the minority, militant religious fundamentalists have attacked them or their institutions as revenge against the west. State control has also had its punch at the Christian faith. Most of the socialist states such as the former USSR and China have had a very rigid stance against religion in general and Christianity has suffered as one of them. In others, proselytizing is illegal and attracts severe penalty. The spread of the Christian faith remains impeded thus. The Christian message along with that of other world religions has become more difficult to sell in a materialistic society. People do not see why they should wait for a coming glory when they can have the good life now made possible by modernization, which has generally increased the living standards in the world, most pronounced in the western world. â€Å"Then again, the new forms of social and economic organization promised a richer life here and now† (Smart, 2000, p. 138) It will be interesting to see how Christianity evolves in the coming age when each of these forces will have had sufficient time to unleash their full impact.

Free Essays - Changes in Achilles of The Iliad :: Iliad essays

Changes in Achilles of The Iliad There are times in my own life in which I realize that a goal that I have been pursuing rigorously is really not worth my time and effort, or that the way I have been pursuing that particular goal is not the most effective way. After I come to these realizations I find it helpful, if not necessary, to step back and analyze the situation. This is what happened to Achilles throughout the first sixteen books of the epic. At first Achilles had a set of clearly defined goals, he was to fight side by side with the Achaeans, sack Troy, and, by doing these things, gain honor and wealth. As the war progressed a series of events took place that forced Achilles to step out of the fight. While he was inactive and had time to contemplate, he came to the realization that he had been fighting for nine years for the sake of a man whose woman has been stolen; now that his woman had been stolen no one fights for his sake. He also realizes that there are other, less risky ways of obtaining wealth and honor, including sending Patroklus out in his armor. Another thing he ponders on, but doesn't seem to take seriously, is whether or not honor is really worth the struggle. All these changes of mind take place throughout book nine in which the embassy composed of Aias, Odysseus, and Phoenix visits Achilles. By the time the embassy arrived at his hut Achilles had been toying with the idea of returning to his homeland and abandoning the struggle for wealth and honor. Because of the embassy Achilles' mind was changed, probably due to a sense of camaraderie, and he decides to stay but fight only if the struggle reaches his own camp. At this height of the epic we see that Achilles is still very much concerned with wealth and honor, the question now is "how to accomplish his goal". Achilles is aware of a few things and this puts him at an advantage over the rest. He knows that he will eventually be honored and that Agamemnon's debt to him will eventually be paid; he knows this because Athena had promised it to him if he didn't kill Agamemnon.

Ferris Beach: Automobiles and Motorcycles as Symbols :: McCorkle Ferris Beach Essays

Ferris Beach:  Ã‚   Automobiles and Motorcycles as Symbols  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      During adolescence, one makes a transition from a child to a young adult. It is common for an adolescent to be confused and frustrated with new ideas regarding morals and beliefs. People, places, and experiences teach adolescents about life and how to handle different situations., and the environments of the individuals become instrumental for their development. In the novel Ferris Beach, Jill McCorkle provides an example of the learning process of an adolescent girl in the 1970's. Kate Burns accepts the changes of a shifting South and eventually embraces a change within herself. In McCorkle's novel, cars and highways provide an index for understanding the new changes in the South. At this time, cars became possessions of most families and the automobile's prevalence sparked many changes for adolescents in America. McCorkle uses the car in her novel as a "vehicle" for Kate Burns to learn about life and growing up. The car was first considered a common household item in the 1970's, which signified a sizable change in American life and increased opportunity for all people. One major change made with the increase in cars was the building of roads which McCorkle notes, "...Mrs. Poole rented out Brown's Econo Lodge on Old 301, which had gone bust with the building of I-95" (McCorkle 35). The process of the old Econo Lodge being torn down and replaced by the new road calls for a lot of physical changes. The destruction of the Econo Lodge is comparable to Kate losing her girlish attributes. As the new road is being paved, Kate's figure is maturing and taking on a more womanly shape. Most people enjoy knowing they have security in a situation and dislike periods of transition. Therefore, when towns across America experienced the construction of roads, citizens were anticipating and impatiently waiting its completion. Kate possess a similar attitude regarding the culmination of her adolescence. She lon gs for this growth to reach finality and hopes that she will someday appear as womanly as Angela, "...so young-looking and glamorous in her two-piece sparkly gold suit right below her navel (16).    The building of I-95 increased opportunities for those with cars. Distances between cities seemed shorter and many consumer goods became widely accessible. The ability to travel on modern roads allows Kate and her dad to make the trip to Ferris Beach.

Organizational Structure Defined By Managers Commerce Essay

Organizational Structure may be defined as how directors and supervisors divide, group, and organize work between different employees and sections. Other important definition may be defined as: â€Å" An Organizational Structure is based on activities such as undertaking allotment, coordination, and supervising, which are directed towards the accomplishment and fulfilment of organisational ends and aims † An organisation can be structured in many different ways, depending on their aims, purposes and longterm ends. The construction of an organisation will find the manners in which it operates and performs. Many Organizations have a Hierarchy, but non all. Organizational Structure has 6 chief elements:1. WORK Specialization:Work Specialization is the grade to which organisational undertakings are sub-divided into single occupations. It is besides known as â€Å" Division of labour † . It is the specialisation of labour in specific, limited undertakings and like functions. It is a critical component of Job Structure and attributes a major function in success, if it is truly utilised. Wor Specialization is more efficient and effectual for directors, in order to carry through organisational positions. Directors find it much easier to happen gifted forces and develop them to execute specific and certain undertakings. As Repetition improves the ability of an single to execute a certain undertaking with lesser clip consumed. Basically, the occupations are assigned to specialise personal or persons. Therefore, the persons perform those undertakings or carry through those aims in which they are specialized or are trained to roll up. The kernel of Work Specialization is that an full occupation being done by an person, it is broken down into figure of stairss, with each measure being completed by a separate person. Therefore, single perform their expertness in specialised undertaking instead than the full occupation. It can be elaborated with the undermentioned illustration. FOR EXAMPLE ; In Formula 1 Motorsports Racing, Rushing squads Managers hire mechanics that are specialized in certain undertakings ( during Pit Stops ) . Some are adept in replacing Front tyres, others are adept in replacing Rear tyres. Similarly, some are adept in Raising Car from the back side and others are specialized to execute the duty of a â€Å" Lolly-Pop Man † . Therefore, these squads hire mechanics and delegate them occupations that, they are specialized to execute.2. DEPARTMENTALIZATION:Departmentalization is the 2nd component of Organizational Structure and follows Work Specialization. Departmentalization is the manner, work and duties are distributed in amongst different sections. Departmentalization refers to the procedure of grouping activities into sections. â€Å" Division of labour † creates specializers who need coordination. This coordination is facilitated by grouping specializers together in sections. Departmentalization has the following chief types:DEPARTMENTALIZATION BY FUNCTIONS:In Function Departmentalization, Departments are formed to group activities by â€Å" map † . Such as in a concern house, the construction might hold a Gross saless Department, a Marketing Department, a Purchase Department and a Human Resource Department etc. All these Departments are different from eachother on the footing of maps, they perform and the duties. Due to similar accomplishments and cognition, â€Å" Economies of Scale † can be achieved. The chief advantage of this type of Departmentalization is that, it can be used in all organisations, with mention to their ends and aims, and it is more efficient and effectual, as the people who posses the same expertness and accomplishments, are governed in a remarkable section.DEPARTMENTALIZATION BY PRODUCTS:Activities that are grouped by similar â€Å" Product Lines or Product Categories † . Undertakings are grouped harmonizing to merchandises and services, therefore go forthing all activities related to the merchandise or the service under a individual director or a remarkable caput. Each major merchandise country in the corporation is under the authorization of a senior director who is specializer in, and is responsible for, everything related to the merchandise line. This departmentalization helps an organisation to recognize its strong merchandise lines and weak links, additions Accountability. For E.g ; Unilever has different merchandise lines such as Dove, Axe and Fair & A ; Lovely etc.DEPARTMENTALIZATION BY GEOGRAPHY:Departments are formed on the footing of â€Å" Geography and Territory † ; such as North, South, East and West etc. If an organisation ‘s clients are geographically dispersed, it can group occupations based on geographics. For illustration, Coca Cola has developed a Organizational Structure administering districts, the North American sector and the International sector, whic h includes the Pacific Rim, the European Community, Northeast Europe, Africa and Latin America groups. COCA COLA GEOGRAPHICAL STRUCTUREDEPARTMENTALIZATION BY Procedure:Grouping activities on the footing of â€Å" Product or service or client flow † . Each procedure require different accomplishments and techniques at different phases of its production or readying. Therefore, this Departmentalization helps the organisation to use the expertness of persons at different phases of production. Therefore, sections are followed due to the difference in defined construction. For E.g ; A whole procedure is to be followed for obtaining a Passport, Verification, Documents Submission etc, all from different sections.DEPARTMENTALIZATION BY CUSTOMER:Grouping activities on the footing of â€Å" common clients or types of clients † Jobs may be grouped harmonizing to the type of client served by the organisation. The premise is that clients in each section have a common set of jobs and demands that can outdo be met by specializers. For e.g ; Law Firms provide services to General Public, high profile persons and Large Corporations.3. CHAIN OF COMMAND:Chain of Command is an unbroken line of Authority that extends from the top degree executive, direction to the lowest station, echeleon and clarifies who reports to whom. It is a Hierarchy which shows the Chain of Command and authorization, making a nexus between the Managers and Sub-ordinates. It has 2 chief elements: Authority ( It may be defined as the right of the directors and top degree executives to give orders to sub-ordinates. To ease Co-ordination, each director has a certain function to play in hierarchy and has a certain authorization over his colleagues and sub-ordinates to carry through his responsibilty ) Integrity of Command ( It preserves the unbroken line in the hierarchy. It states that, for the interest of better co-ordination, an person or a group must merely hold a individual higher-up, to whom coverage is done. It helps to take struggles and work confusion ) For E.g ; Ohio Fire Department is under the control of Ohio Government. Chain of Command goes right from the top degree Mayor, to the lower degree of directions such as Supervision Divison Chief and Staff Division Chief.4. SPAN OF CONTROL:Span of Control is besides an of import component of Organizational Structure. It fundamentally manipulates the capableness of a director to command a certain figure of employees. This figure is determined after analysing the size of the organisation. There are two type of spans, 1. Wider Spans 2. Narrow Spans. If a director decides to keep a narrow span, he can keep close control. However, there are few drawbacks every bit good. First, they are expensive due to extra degree of direction. Second, Communication procedure between the top and lower direction becomes more complex. Finally, Due to contract but tight supervising, Managers tend to do strong and tight policies, ordinances, which consequences in detering Employee Autonomy and Satisfaction. In recent old ages, the accent has been laid on keeping a wider span of control. It is easier to keep control, easier to pass on with sub ordinates and more significantly, policies are in the favour of Employees liberty, due to all right supervising. NARROW SPAN OF CONTROL5. Centralization AND Decentralization:Centralization is defined as â€Å" the grade to which determination devising is concentrated at a individual point in the organisation † . An Organization, in which there is less input taken from the lower degree directors and employees, and the top degree direction rely and take cardinal determinations by themselves, non affecting the lower direction ‘s input. Hence, it is â€Å" Centralization † . For e.g ; a Centralized Government is a signifier of Centralization, as it takes lesser input from lower governments and has the liberty to do determinations. Decentralization possibly defined as â€Å" the procedure of scattering decision-making administration closer to the people and citizens † . In Decentralization, the lower degree forces provide more input and take part in the determination devising. Decentralization and centralisation have played major functions in the history of many societies. An first-class illustration is the gradual political and organisational alterations that have occurred in European history. During the rise and autumn of the Roman Empire, Europe went through major centralisation and decentalisation. Although the leaders of the Roman Empire created a European substructure, the autumn of the Empire left Europe without a strong political system or military protection. Viking and other barbaric onslaughts further led rich Romans to construct up their big estates, in a manner that would protect their households and make a self-sufficing life topographic point. This system was greatly â€Å" decentralized † , as the Godheads of the manor had power to support and command the little agricultural environment that was their manor.6. Formalization:â€Å" The grade to which occupations within the organisation are standardized † Standardization is the certainty of the occupation. If a occupation is standardized, the employees know what to make and there is no kind of confusion. If a occupation is extremely standardized, there is minimal sum of discretion over what is to be done, when it is to be done and how it is to be done. It consequences in consistent and improved public presentation. The grade of formalisation depends on the organisation, its policies and its construction. For case, there a few occupations that are non formalized i.e Departmental Stores Clerk, Gas Station workers etc. On the other manus, companies like P & A ; G and Unilever normally have a standardised manner of making occupation. It is easy for employees to settle in, as they are able to understand their occupation decently.

8thScience Fall Midterm Review Sheet

Understand the structure of atoms, including masses, electrical charges, and locations of protons, neutrons, and electrons.9790588235297">To find the number of neutrons in an atom, subtract the atomic mass (rounded to the nearest whole number) minus the atomic number (number of protons). Atomic mass= atomic number (protons) + neutronsKnow that protons determine an element’s identity and valence electrons determine its chemical properties, including reactivity.Know the difference between and be able to identify elements and compounds.Be able to compare metals, nonmetals and metalloids. Identify that all organic compounds contain carbon. Interpret the arrangement of the Periodic Table.GROUPeriodKnow that elements within the same group (family) have similar properties.Know the number of valence electrons for groups 1, 2, and 13 – 18.Be able to determine the number of atoms of each element in chemical formulas containing subscripts.Know the evidences of a chem ical reaction . Ex.- color change, bubbles or fizzing, precipitate is formed, new substance is formed, smoke or fire, and unexpected temperature change. The only sure way to know if a chemical change occurred is if a new substance was formed. Recognize whether a chemical equation containing coefficients is balanced or not and how that relates to the law of conservation of mass.The law of conservation of mass states that during a chemical reaction, matter is not created or destroyed.

Factors Affecting Sporting Performance

Several factors affect our sporting performances, some of which are ‘natural' factors, and some of which we cause. An example of a natural factor is our gender. We do not choose to be male or female and therefore it is something that occurs naturally. An example of a factor caused by ourselves is our diet- what we eat and drink. We can decide what we want to eat be it healthy or not healthy, the decision is ours. Age is a natural factor affecting performance. When you are very young, your bones and muscles are still growing and because your bones are still growing they are a lot softer than a fully-grown adults are. This helps young children to be very flexible and very supple, which in turn affects their performance. But being fully-grown in some sports is better than young and supple. Because adults are fully-grown, they are a lot stronger than a child is. All the muscles are developed properly and so in a sport such as cycling it would be an advantage to be a fully-grown adult than a developing child, whereas in gymnastics it would be an advantage to be very supple because of the certain exercises involved. Our gender affects our performance a great deal. A mans frame is generally wider and taller than a woman's is. Women after they reach puberty develop wider hips which hinders their running ability, whereas a man develops larger muscles due to the increased level of testosterone in their bodies. Women generally have muscles smaller than a mans, so men have a head start already in any power sports such as weightlifting or sprinting which require a lot of physical strength. The size of your internal organs affects performance, in that if you have for example larger than average lungs, you can inhale an awful lot of air which contains oxygen, and so more oxygen can be sent to the muscles to keep them going for longer. Similarly if you have a healthy heart, it can pump the blood to your muscles quicker. And contained in the red blood cells is the oxygen that your muscles need to keep working. Having a healthy heart and large lungs can be a great advantage in an endurance sports event such as rowing or cross-country running. The use of drugs, banned substances, cigarettes and alcohol all effect the way in which we perform in sports. Drugs affect our performance in a positive way. They make us more alert, bulk up muscles and improve strength, increase speed and stamina, and get lots of oxygen to our muscles. Apart from cheating by taking drugs, they ruin our internal organs such as the liver and kidneys. In some cases drugs ruin your fertility because of the effect they have on the body. Cigarettes affect the way the heart and lungs work. The lung capacity of a smoker is considerably less than a non-smoker. Because the lung capacity is less than normal, this means that less oxygen enters the body and less oxygen goes into the red blood cells which are supposed to take oxygen to the muscles. Because of the lack of oxygen in the muscles, they can't work as well as usual. And if the muscles aren't working properly you can't play any sport well. Alcohol slows down reaction time and de-hydrates the body. If your reactions are slowed down in a fast game such as squash, it is likely that you will lose because you have to be alert at all times and if alcohol is present in the body, your performance will be affected. Your diet is very important if you want to stay fit and healthy. If a professional athlete changed their diet to one with sweet and fatty foods it would affect their performance, because too much sugar and fat in the body is unhealthy and it makes you gain extra weight to carry around when you are in action. If the diet you currently have has too many bad things in it, it can start to strain your heart. If you have a very well balanced diet, which is full of fresh fruit and vegetables it keeps your body healthy and full of energy. Also, if your diet lacks a certain amount of sugar, you can have low energy levels which makes your body work slower and not up to speed. It is good to take certain vitamin supplements to make sure that your body is totally up to scratch and eating plenty of foods with iron and different minerals. Illness is quite a major factor in your sporting performance. If you have just started to recover from flu or a bad virus, your body will be very weak from fighting off the virus because lots of your energy is taken up by getting better, so if you went down to a football pitch and tried to play 90 minutes of football the chances are that your performance will be very poor because your muscles will be tired, you won't be very alert and you will be fatigued and lethargic. An athlete who is clear from illness is far more likely to give a very good performance because they are fully fit, alert, and not tired. The environment makes a difference in most outdoor sports. Athletes who train at high altitude have an advantage, because there is a higher level of oxygen in the air and so more oxygen gets into the blood and to the muscles so they can keep going for longer in for example a marathon run or rowing. A high level of pollution in the air also means that there is difference in oxygen level, but instead of being higher like in high altitude, it is lower due to the impurities in the air. If there is less oxygen, less can be brought into the body, and so the muscles don't receive the necessary oxygen, so they can't work as well. The weather also makes a difference in performance outdoors. During a sprint race, if there is a wind blowing towards the athletes, it will be harder for them to run at a world record pace, because they have to work harder to run into an opposing force. Heat affects sprinters as well, if it is too cold, their muscles sometimes are not warm enough, so they could get injured or pull a muscle. If it is warm or even hot when they are running, their bodies and muscles will already be warm and ready to go, so when they are running, their muscles will be working at their best. Your lifestyle is a very important to keeping fit and healthy. A good active lifestyle will result in a healthy body. If you do plenty of exercise and eat healthily you can train for a sport easier, and your body has already set the foundations to keeping fit and keeping up with training. If you get little exercise and stay indoors most of the day, your body will be used to not doing anything too energetic, so if you suddenly go out and do an intense training session the chances are that your body will not be able to cope.

Corporate Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate Law - Assignment Example The minority shareholders are often acknowledged as institutional investors among different business entities who play a limited function in influencing the background of corporate governance construction. This is majorly due to the fact that the presence of the majority shareholders within a business firm owning the rights to partially control its decision making process often facilitates significant sources of conflicts affecting the interests of the minority shareholders. It is worth mentioning in this regard that the minority shareholders posses certain rights which may be accessible in accordance with any ‘state close corporation laws’. These rights generally include amending corporate by-laws, voting during the election of the directors and organizing as well as managing annual meetings related with the shareholders among others as mentioned in the articles of association and memorandum. It has often been observed that the minority shareholders or the institutional investors find it to be quite challenging to exercise the aforementioned rights in a smooth way witnessing minimum disruptions. This is simply because the majority shareholders tend to dominantly control the business operations as they bear large proportion or percentage of shares along with various decision-making rights concerning the corporate governance structure of the particular entity. As the majority shareholders possess a maximum quantity of shares, it has been viewed that the interests of minority shareholders are being oppressed by several means.

Landscape Archaeology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Landscape Archaeology - Essay Example in God, landscape painting, cartography and human enterprise, among others, to illustrate how humans have usurped nature, superimposed sophisticated concepts over it, and bent it to their own purposes. Using concepts fleshed out by such philosophers of science as Heidegger, Thomas moves on to explain human concepts of place and how ‘purpose’ is always superimposed thereon. ‘A place is always the place of something.’ (pp173) He also shows how landscapes seem to be contained within a frame: visual or conceptual, and of course monetary or pecuniary. Humans attach value to place, whether or not it is land, developed or otherwise. They also impose meanings of time, as evidence by the article itself; the value placed on findings from the past; as well as practical present-time use. In addition, Thomas shows a connection between land and the cosmos, seen as early as Neolithic times. Tombs, houses and henges not only formed part of the land form, but had some sort of attachment or reference to the skies and astral bodies; so that the passing of time and seasons were understood to affect the land and places where people lived and died, even from such an early time. We are deluding ourselves, Thomas suggests, if we try and interpret archaeological findings within the landscape using our modern mindsets. (pp 180) We would always fail if we superimposed our way of seeing things over whatever remnant of early undertakings we find. We cannot ultimately gain access to the meanings given to, and the uses of, the environment by early civilisations. He gives the examples of evidence of large gatherings in long houses, discoveries of human remains, patterns of movements between and around monuments, and other details studied through visions and understandings that are necessarily limited (or overly expanded) by modern knowledge. Thomas uses the literature, citing Gow, Frazer and Berger among many others, to extrapolate a theory of anthro-centrism: a superimposition (and

Attend a Live Musical Event Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Attend a Live Musical Event - Research Paper Example Melody is a sequence of musical tones in a form that is familiar to the ear. Harmony refers to a collection of tones heard all together. Key in music is also called tonality of music. The volume of the note is known as the dynamics of the music. Timber is also known as tone color. Many dissimilar forms of sounds can be generated from the same instrument. Musical form is the group of all elements in a rational form, which involves the style of the music. The musical style selected in this topic is jazz music, which is a kind of popular music with some improvisation on melody and rhythm that originated in 1900s. â€Å"Adam Meckler is a professional trumpet player, composer and educator living in Saint Paul, MNâ€Å"(â€Å"Adammecklerbio† para.1). He plays frequently with his quintet, the Adam Meckler Quintet, and his big band, The Adam Meckler Orchestra. Adam has toured all over the world as a performer with bands. The Setting or Occasion The music is performed in one of the T win Cities where the original music is being played by modern jazz big bands, and features some of the most exciting young jazz musicians from the Twin Cities. There were so many fans assembled in the O’Gara’s Shamrock Room to come and enjoy the music of this interesting band. The city features local music events, concerts and music festivals in all the areas. The Concert Program Works on the program During the course of the concert, he played â€Å"Once upon a Sunrise,† â€Å"Skyline,† â€Å"Days of Wine and Roses,† â€Å"The World If I Could,† â€Å"The Tao of Heavy D,† â€Å"Song for BB,† â€Å"Sparkly Eyes,† and â€Å"Beautiful Beatrice.† All the performances were mind blowing. He played the â€Å"Song for BB† as a tribute to Bob Brooke Meyer who was a famous jazz musician, composer, arranger and educator and who unfortunately passed away in the previous year. Composition of Orchestra/Ensemble He has pe rformed with famous orchestras all over the world. In the concert held at St. Paul, his orchestra included an 18 piece big band consisting of maestros playing instruments such as trumpets by Zack Lozier, Tom Krochock, Sten Johnson, Noah Ophoven-Baldwin, and Cameron Kinghorn; saxophones by Jason Fabus, Nelson Devereaux, Ben Doherty, Tyler Anderson, and Angie Hirsch; drums by Pete Hennig; trombones by Keith Hilson, DJ Clovis, Mason Hemmer, Nathan Berry; bass played by Chris Bates; guitar by Evan Montgomery; and finally the keyboards by Steven Hobert. Variety of Musical Forms Composers The original compositions and arrangements of the music were done by Adam Meckler himself for some of the songs he played at the concert. Apart from this, he has also played the music composed by other musicians such as Eric Clapton (â€Å"The World If I Could†), Henry Mancini (â€Å"Days of Wine and Roses†), and Adam Meckler (â€Å"Song for BB†). The Musical Work The Musical Form Th ough the musical instrumentation is that of a traditional jazz big band, the music is influenced by modern pop, rock as well as gospel. The musical form ranges from traditional New Orleans tunes and Mardis Gras favorites to funk ‘n’ soul hits. Movements or Parts It was very interesting to see Adam Meckler and his â€Å"18 piece band† perform live on stage. They performed in great accordance with the electronic sounds of the musical instruments (â€Å"Adam Meckler Orchestra† para.1). Musical Theme and Motifs The theme of music performed by Adam Meckler is a mixture of pop and jazz style. Almost all the music is produced to make the audiences

Prenatal development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Prenatal development - Assignment Example The period of prenatal development is interesting because it is the actual manifestation of physical growth from nothingness to a real human. It is amazing how something about the organism changes every month until it turns into a fully matured baby. Teragotens are substances which may result in an abnormality of a fetus. These can be in the form alcohol, caffeine, drugs, diseases and lead, mercury or radiation. While mothers may be exposed to some of these things unintentionally, others have a choice of whether to pay attention to science or their personal beliefs or experiences and continue their usual alcohol or caffeine intake. The most important thing I learned among the five is the general risk factors. This is significant because these factors are very simple things but have a very big impact on the development of a new human being. Nutrition, stress and the mother’s age should be of utmost consideration when planning or having a baby. With this knowledge, I am able to appreciate everything my mother had done to keep herself and me healthy until I was born. Also, I would be able to use this knowledge in building my future family and whenever friends ask me for

BarChris Construction Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

BarChris Construction - Case Study Example The misappropriated entries included current assets having a 15% overstatement of $609,689; 42% understatement in contingent liabilities amounting to $618,853; gross profit overstatement of $230,755; $519,810 worth of sales’ overstatement; undisclosed loans to officers totaling to $386,615; and an overstatement in backlog of orders among other figures. Auditing involves the application of accounting principles as they relate to costs and revenues. Following the sale and leaseback cases, the judge’s argument that the gain on the debentures was improper is misleading since this approach is accepted in GAAP. Although the customers who acquired the leaseback properties incurred overwhelming arrears on their discounted notes, it is not considered a reasonable standard for auditors to concern themselves with the effects of business strategies of the companies they audit. Hence, as earlier stated, the auditors’ responsibility is to access, point, question, and report on accounting activities and not on investment or business strategies associated with the gains (United States District Court, 1968). The case of Berardi places himself at the center of blame for the problems associated with BarChart’s accounting misappropriations. The merits of blaming Berardi for the problems facing BarChris include his inability to dedicate more time to review the results of the S-1 review, the hiring of an inexperienced accountant, and concealing of information such as loans to officers. In order to rectify these causes of the primary problems, Berardi could have hired a qualified accountant, should have dedicated more time to review accounts, and conducted regular internal audits (United States District Court, 1968). United States District Court. (1968). Escott v. Barchris Construction Corporation 283 F. Supp. 643 (S.D.N.Y. 1968). Accessed online on February

Gun Ban in America Essay Example for Free

Gun Ban in America Essay In 2012, the most serious topics that people always talking about is Gun ban. Most of people voted for ban guns after the Connecticuts shooting incident. There are lots of children died in the elementary school, and Americans realized the bad effects about selling guns legally in many states. There are at least four shooting incidents each year. People may think it is the time to ban Americas guns now, but in fact it is not the guns fault. For my part, guns should not be banned, and people have the right to have guns ownership. Most people know that guns are one of Americas culture, just like the marijuana. People know what are illegal things, but they will still find a way to obtain them. So, banned guns cant prevent criminals. If the guns banned, criminal can still use other weapons to kill people. For example, in 1976, Washington DC is illegal to own any handguns or to keep any type of guns in home unlocked. However, Washington DC has the most criminal rates in united states. Whenever the guns is illegally, criminals can make any weapons, such as bombs, criminals can make bombs by themselves. Most of time, its the personals problems, criminals who caught by police always have mental ill or they dissatisfying about this country. Therefore, Government need strength the gun education and some safety classes about using guns. Ban guns is not a good solution, because the problem is not about guns. In addition, ban guns means remove the right to someone. In America, people are highly regard human rights. Giving up rights to bear arms would open up a world of control and unnecessary chaos. Some people have guns just for hunting, and they think guns are useful. Some of gun owner using guns in shooting range, they think it is their entertainment. Although, some cities made the announcement of gun ban, people were still reluctant to hand over their guns to Government. If the states that they live have banned guns, they can still go to another states to obtain another one. As part of Americans culture and freedom, it is impossible to ban guns exhaustive because of the different constitutions between states. Finally, the last reason that guns should not be banned, because guns can protect people. Except this criminals, most of people know how to use handguns, and they are using guns to protect their families. What if someone invade their house and pointing a gun at them, they can not wait until the police come. If that happens, no one will be safe. If a person wants to kill people, he will think all the way to hurt people even he did not have guns. However, what if the normal people does not have the guns to protect them when they meet some incidents. Guns always give people a sense of security, even they just locked them at their house. In conclusion, ban guns is not a big deal in America. According to Washington DCs criminal rates, it did not decrease the criminal rates at all. In some cities of America, restricted legislation could not restraint people to crime. Gun ban is only for temporary and it is not a permanent solution to this problem.

Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease Progression

Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease Progression Alzheimer’s disease is slowly progressive and irreversible brain disease which is one of the most common cause of dementia [1]. In AD patients not only suffer from cognitive but also motor and sensory loss [2]. Although the mechanism of AD is not well understood still AD pathology is characterized by extra cellular amyloid-ÃŽ ² deposits and interacellular neurfibril tangles formation of hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. Being irreversible and neurological damaging disease, its very important to detect and diagonse at earlier or at some controlable time point. Some useful AD diagonstic biomarkers are required for this purpose. These biomarkers should also fullful the criteria of usefulness for AD detection. Biomarkers should become abnormal with the progression of disease in other words they should be dynamic and correlate with clinical symptom and severity of disease [3]. Recent research on use of specific AD biomarker for disease staging in vivo shows that AÃŽ ² dynamically correlates with disease at different stages of disease progression[4] [5]. But AÃŽ ² level varies in patients. Which suggests, through process of AÃŽ ² production starts earlier but AÃŽ ² as a biomarker only is not relibale, therefore alternative biomarker must be found along with AÃŽ ² generation process. Figure1. Biomakers and AD early detection Source; Modified from Ingelsson, M et al 2004. [4] AÃŽ ² can be produced through proteolytic processing of APP (amyloid precursor protein), which takes central position in AD pathogenesis. APP is single-pass transmembrane protein with larger ectodomain. Although the physiological functions of APP are not well known but has neuroprotective function and positive effect on cell growth [6]. APP is mainly produced in neurons and rapidly metabolized by secretase enzymes through alternative splicing by two pathways [7] [8]. Nonamyloidogenic processing of APP involving two secretases ÃŽ ±-secretase and ÃŽ ³-secretase while in amyloidogenic processing ÃŽ ²-secretase (identified as transmembrane aspartase protease BACE1) and ÃŽ ³-secretase are involved. Product generated during both processings have soluble ectodomain (sAPP ÃŽ ± and sAPP ÃŽ ²) respectively along with identical product called AICD (intracellular C-terminal fregmenets)[9]. More importantly amyloidogenic processing generates AÃŽ ², a sequence contained by sAPP ÃŽ ² part. In brain APP processing generates mainly AÃŽ ²40 and AÃŽ ²42 based on 40 and 42 amino acids residues depending on secretases ( see secretase table 1) through alternative splicings [10]. Along with regulatory subunits of ÃŽ ³-secretase complex, catalytic subunits presenilin1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 ( PS2) are involved mainly in deciding the length of these toxic form of AÃŽ ². These toxic forms of AÃŽ ² can aggregate and form plauqe that has more toxic effect [11]. With the progression of AD, symptoms also spread along with it depending on the vlunerability of different party of nervous system. More vlunerable areas are suppose to be effected earlier to others, the reason AD smptoms appear in different regions in a sequential order and consistency, although meachnism is poorly understood. Out of these early symtoms, one is olfactory impairement [12], which suggest olfactory system is one of the early vlunerable region during AD progression. Therefore finding the correlation between early phenomen of APP processing and one of ther earlier vlunerable area of nervous system might lead to valueable insights. This research has focused on APP processing in peripheral structures, the olfactory epithelium(OE), as well as CNS structures responsible for processing of incoming olfactory signals such as olfactory bulb(OB). The present study found unique APP processing in OE that has significance in providing not only possible biomarkers (including 25kDa, 55kDa and 80kDa) that can be used for screening and detection of AD before plaque formation but also for treatment purpose. Additionally, PS2 increased level was found in OE that possibly involved in unique APP processing and might also be crucial for understanding the ÃŽ ³-secretase role and controlling AD through ÃŽ ³-secretase as a therapeutic target. Table 1. Secretases responsible for APP processing. MATERIAL AND METHODS MATERIAL AND METHODS 1.1. Animal 1.1 .1. Transgenic Alzheimer’s disease model Tg2576 mice In this study, heterozygous Tg2576 mice were used, which express a human amyloid-ÃŽ ² precursor protein (APP) variant linked to Alzheimer’ disease, as developed and described previously [21].Age-matched non-transgenic littermates were served as wild-type control. All animal experiments were approved and conducted in accordance with guidelines of Ethic Committee of Seoul National University DGIST. Transgenic Alzheimer’s disease model Tg6799 mice Another AD model used in this study was Tg6799 mice, which expresses human amyloid precursor protein (APP) with three familial Alzheimer’s disease point mutations and two human presenilin1 mutations thus also known as 5x FAD mice. Both of these mutation types mainly contribute to increased production of AÃŽ ²42 [22]. Age-matched non-transgenic littermates were served as wild-type control. All animal experiments were approved and conducted in accordance with guidelines of Ethic Committee of Seoul National University DGIST. Table2. Transgenic models used for this study. Olfactory behavioral analysis Food buried, behavior test was performed to measure the mice smell ability to find a buried food pellet using olfactory cues as previously described [23] [24] [25] [26]. Olfactory test was taken blindly without revealing any genotypic information of mice before and during the experiment. Mice were deprived of food around 35 hours with free access to water. Before starting the experiment, adaptation time was provided 5~10 min to let them adapt in new prepared cage with new bedding material. This step was important for mice to be adapted to the new environment so that they would able to focus on finding food in a new environment. Similar cage were prepared with bedding material depth approximately 5 cm and food pellet was buried 2.5 cm below the surface. Latency or cut-off time ~15 min maximum was provided to each mice to find buried food. Latency time was recorded, as time between mouse inserted into the cage and grasping the food pellet, precisely using video tracking software and sy stem (EthoVision xt 9).